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TOPICS 



Class Study 



ADAPTED TO THK 



History of the United States. 

California State Series. 



Chas. E. Hutton, 

LOS' Angeles State Normal School, 

AND LATE PRINCIPAL OF THE SANTA ROSA SCHOOLS, 

California. 



189I 



Published and for Sale b^^ 

C. A. WRIOHT & CO., 

Booksellers, Stationers and School Furnishers, 

523-525 Fourth Street, 

SANTA ROSA, CAL. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



Shelf JA.^:3 

UNITED STATES OF AMEKIOA. 



TOPICS 



Class Study 



ADAPTED TO THE 



History of the United States. 

California State Series. 



Chas. E. Hutton, 

Los Angeles State Normal School, 

AND late Principal of the Santa Rosa Schools, 

California. 



,?YR!GHr ^^: 



lUL 141891 

189V %nn^. 



Published and for Sale..!; 
C. A. \A/RIGHT & CO., 

Booksellers, Stationers and School Furnisher'^. 

523-525 Fourth Street, 

SANTA ROSA, CAL. 



Ci • 



Copyright, 1890, 
By CHAS. K. HUTTON. 



.a. 



INXROIDUCTIOISr. 



The Topical method obtains now in all 
successful teaching. It is also obvious that 
it is more profitable for the pupil to learn 
all of a given subject at one period in his 
course than to take it in detached parts. 
The arrangement of text-books gives events 
in chronological order; for some purposes 
this is both necessary and useful. The Top- 
ical plan, as given in the following pages, 
groups under one heading all the events re- 
lating to that subject, and therefore shows 
the origin, development, scope, and influ- 
ence of that one principle in formulating 
the history of our nation. 

Two illustrations will suffice: 1. Under 
Topic XV, Politics, are grouped the suc- 
cessive phases of political parties in the 
Government. We see why a party organ- 
izes, how it develops, and how it molds the 
policy of the nation to its platform of prin- 
ciples. When thus studied as a whole, 
a clearer and better idea of parties can be 
obtained by the pupil. 2d. Slavery, (Topic 
XXVI,) has been a potent factor in our 



4 INTRODUCTION. 

history, indeed the most potent of any. 
It begins its work in Colonial times; it 
develops during the Constitutional Con- 
vention; Statehood is subordinated to it; it 
permeates in later days the whole national 
policy. We study a little of it in one place, 
a little in another, and so on, in detached 
parts. The force of the principle is lost. 
But under the plan here given, the pupil's 
attention is directed entirely to that subject 
from the landing of the first slaves until 
the adoption of the 13th Amendment to the 
Constitution. 

The method given in the following pages 
breaks up what may be termed the unity of 
the Administrations, as followed by text- 
books. The President is but the represent- 
ative of a policy, enunciated by the domi- 
nant party. We classify events in this man- 
ner merely for convenience of reference. 
When mention is made of the Kansas-Ne- 
braska Act, the U. S. Bank, or Nullifica- 
tion, we do not first inquire, who was then 
President, but rather consider the cause, 
growth, and influence of that principle. 
The Administration is subordinated to the 
effect upon the interests of the nation as a 
whole. 



INTRODUCTION. O 

Instead of following the movements of 
the several armies each year, there have 
been selected Locative Points, around which 
are grouped all the important operations in 
that locality. These make up the entire 
history of the war in that section, and tend 
to centralize the attention of the pupil to 
this one locality. An outline map should 
be used to mark the movements of the 
armies. Colored crayon will be of advan- 
tage in this, as well as to designate discov- 
eries, explorations, settlements and the ac- 
quisition of territory. 

The plan by Topics, as herein given, has 
been tested in actual class-work. The teacher 
gave her unqualified approval of the plan. 
I watched the progress of the work, and was 
convinced it had taken a strong hold upon 
the pupils. At the close of the period, it 
was the unaniinoiis opinion of this class of 
thirty-five, that a greater interest had been 
awakened in them, that they had been stim- 
ulated to more earnest study, because they 
could trace results, and thereby could see 
more reason in the subject. 

It is apparent that boys and girls study 
with greater zeal, when they can see or ex- 
pect to see a result ensue from certain stated 



6 INTRODUCTION. 

causes. Undoubtedly much of the class- 
room disgust for History results from treat- 
ing events as isolated and not as related 
parts. Related truths, related facts, and re- 
lated events, whether in history, science, or 
literature, are the stimuli to further in- 
quiry and investigation. 



O^OFICS. 



Page. 

1. Historical Pre-view 9 

2. Era of Discovery and Exploration . . 9 

3. Settlements 10 

4. Colonies 11 

5. New England 12 

6. The Southern Group 13 

7. The Middle Group 13 

8. The Thirteen Colonies in 1750 14 

9. The Interior 14 

10. Development of the Nation 16 

11. War for Independence 18 

12. Other Events During the War 21 

13. Development of the National Gov- 

ernment 21 

14. The Presidents 22 

15. Politics 23 

16. Executive Departments 25 

17. The Courts 25 

18. The Territory 25 

19. New States 26 

20. Army and Navy 26 

21. Indians " 26 

22. Finance 27 

23. Revenue 27 



8 TOPICS. 

Page. 

24. Debts 28 

25. Internal Jniprovements 29 

26. Slavery 29 

27. Foreign Affairs 30 

28. Treaties 31 

29. Domestic Affairs 32 

30. Wars:— 

with Tripoli 33 

with Great Britain 33 

with Mexico 34 

of Secession 35 

31. Noted men 37 

32. National Development 38 

33. Inventions 39 

34. Educational Development 39 

California 40 

35. Settlement and Exploration. . .^ 40 

36. Under Mexican Rule 41 

37. American Conquest 41 

38. Politics 41 

39. Mining 42 

40. Industrial Interests 42 

41. Land Interests 42 

42. Law and Order 43 

43. Education 23 



^OFICS I^OR STXJIDY. 



I. Historical Pre-view. 

1. Object in studying history, 1. 

2. Beginning of U. S. History, 2. 

3. Early England, 3. 

4. The Dark Ages, 4. 

5. Development of thought and activ- 

ity, 5. 

6. Marco Polo, 6. 

7. The Oriental Trade, 7. 

8. Ptolemy's Geography, 5, page 11. 

9. Protestantism, 39. 

10. Puritans, 40. 

11. English Sovereigns, 41. 

12. English Government, 42. 

II. Era of Discovery and Exploration. 

1. Discovery by the Northmen, 23. 

2. Columbus: — 

a. Life, 9. 

h. His object, 8, 10. 

c. How means were secured, 11. 

(/. The First Voyage, 12. 

3. The Discovery, 13. 

lA 



9 



10 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

4. The Inhabitants, 14. 

a. Indian, 17. 
h. Indian life, 18. 

c. Indian character, 19. 

d. Indian relics, 20. 

e. Mound-builders, 21. 
/. The Aztecs, 22. 

5. Explorations, 15. 

6. Return Voyage, 16. 

7. His report, 24. 

8. Effect of the news, 25, 26. 

9. His later voyages, 27. | 

10. The name given to the Continent, 28. 

11. Spanish Explorations, 29, 31. 

12. De Soto, 30. 

13. French Voyages, 32. 

14. French Explorations, 33. 

15. English Explorations: — 

a. John Cabot, 34, 35. 
h. Drake, 36. 

16. Portuguese-Corteral, 37. 

III. Settlements. 

1. Difficulties, 43. 



By France: — 

a. St. Lawrence, 44. 
6. Acadia, 45. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 11 

c. Huguenots, 46. 

Their massacre, 47. 

3. By Spain, 48:— 

St. Augustine, Santa Fe, California. 

4. By England: — 

a. Claim to Main-land, 49. 
h. Gilbert and Raleigh Expedi- 
tions, 51. 
c. Roanoke Island, 52, 53. 
(L Jamestown, 53. 

IV. Colonies. 

Use the following outline or abstract for 
the study of the Colonies. It contains the 
essential points to be developed. The 
names are given as they occur in the text- 
book : 

a. Location. 

h. When founded. 

c. By whom. 

d. Cause for settlement. 

e. Government. 

f. Religion. 
(/. Education. 
It. Productions. 
i. Customs. 

j. Events: i, Political; ii. Relig- 
ious; iii, Social; iv, Indian. 



12 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

/,-. Wars. 

/. Noted men. 

1. Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, 55- 

70. 

2. Rhode Island, 71-74. 

3. Connecticut, 75-79. 

4. New Hampshire, 80-81. 

5. Virginia, 102-112. 

6. Maryland, 113-120. . 

7. North Carolina, 121-125. 

8. South Carolina, 126-127. 

9. Georgia, 128-133. 

10. New York, 141-142. 

11. New Jersey, 143-144. 

12. Pennsylvania, 145-150. 

13. Delaware, 151. 

V. New England Group. 

1. Emigration, 82. 

2. Natural Advantages, 83. 

3. ''Towns" and Government, 84, 85. 

4. Reasons for Union, 86, 87. 

5. ''The Apostle Eliot," 88. 

6. King Philip's War, 89, 

a. Cause; h, Events; c. Result. 

7. Political: — 

a. England, 90. 

h. Navigation Acts, 91. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 13 

c. Charters, 92, 93. 

(L Governor Andros, 94. 

e. Charter Oak, 95. 

f. New Government, 1691, 96. 

8. Religions: — 

a. Quakers, 97. 
h. Witchcraft, 98. 

9. Education, 99. 

a. Harvard. 
h. Yale, 100. 

10. Development, 101. 

VI. Southern Group. 

1. Political:— 

((. Oppression, 134, 135. 

b. Loyalty, 136. 

c. Bacon's Rebellion, 137. 

d. Freedom, 140. 

2. Education, 138. 

3. Religion, 139. 

VII. Middle Group. 

1. Political:— 

((. Effect of Restoration, 152, 153. 
h. Walpole's Administration, 156. 
c. Quakers and Military Service, 
157. 



14 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

2. Piracy, 154, 155. 

3. Development, 159. 

4. Education, 160. 

5. Religion, IGl. 

VIII. The Colonies in 1750. 

1. Contrasts: — 

a. As to the people, 163. 

h. In occupations and productions, 

165. 
c. In laboring classes, etc., 164. 

2. Forms of Government, 162. 

a. Charter; h, Proprietary; c, Royal. 

3. Professions, 166, 167. 

4. Religion, 168. 

5. Home-life: — 

a. Houses, 169. 

h. Dress, 170. 

6'. Amusements, 171. 

6. Training and Penal Laws, 172. 

7. Social life, 173. 

IX. The Interior. 

1. Exploration by the French: — 
((. Canada, 175. 
h. The Jesuits, 176. 

c. In the West, 177. 

d. Louisiana, 178. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 15 

2. War between the French and English 

Colonists, 179, 180. 

3. Growth of New France: — 

a. Influence of the Iroquois, 181. 
h. Louisiana, 182. 
c. The People, 183. 

4. The Struggle: — 

a. Rival Powers, 184, 185. 
h. Conflicting Claims, 186. 

c. Defenses: — 

1. Outposts, 187. 

2. By Traders, 188. 

3. By the Ohio Company, 189. 

4. Fort Erie, 190. 

d. Resistance: — 

1. Washington's Mission, 191. 

2. Preparation in Virginia, 

192. 

3. Fort at Pittsburg, 193. 

4. Battle, 194. 

5. Fort Necessity, 195. 

e. Political Movements: — 

1 . British Ministry Plan, 196. 

2. Albany Convention, 197. 

3. Franklin's Plan, 198. 

f. Military Plans, 199. 

(J. Military Movements: — 

1. On Fort Duquesne, 200. 



16 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

2. On the Acadians, 201. 

3. On Oswego, 202. 

4. Fort William Henry, 203. 

5. Fort Frontenac, 204. 

6. Quebec, 205, 206. 

7. Conquest of Canada, 207. 

8. In the West Indies, 208. 

9. The Ottawas, 209. 

5. The Peace of Paris, 210. 

6. Eesults of the War, 211, 212. 

X. Development of the Nation. 

1. England's Claims: — 

a. To tax America, 213. 
h. Royal Demands, 215. 
c. Of the Home Government, 214. 

2. England's Policy: — 

a. Navigation Acts, 91. 
h. Taxation, 162. 

Enforcement of Trade Laws, 



c. 



216, 217 



d. Writs of Assistance, 218. 

e. Stamp Act, 219. 
/. Its Repeal, 229. 

\j. The King's Acts, 231. 

h. The Tovvnshend Act, 232, 233. 

i. British Troops in Boston, 236. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 17 

/. Boston Massacre, 237. 
/,•. Repeal of Duties, 238. 
/. Government by Royal Orders, 

239. 
VI. Violent Acts, 240. 
n. Tea Tax, 238, 241. 
0. Boston Port Bill, 243. 

3. Resistance to Oppressive Acts: — 

((. American Feeling, 214. 

6. Protest against Stamp Act, 220. 

c. Colonial correspondence, 222. 

d. Opposition of Otis and Henry, 

223. 

e. Sons of Liberty, 225. 

f. Stamp Act Congress, 226. 

g. Successful Resistance, 228. 
h. The National Spirit, 230. 

i. ''The Illustrious Ninety-two," 

234. 
j. Organized Resistance, 235. 
/•■. Tea Disposed of, 242. 

4. Political Acts: — 

a. Continental Congress, 244. 

b. Its Acts, 245. 

c. Association for non -importing 

and non-consuming, 246. 

d. Committee of Safety and Min- 

ute-men, 247. 



18 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

e. Discussion in Parliament, 248. 

/. Continental Congress, 253. 

(J. Power of Congress, 254. 

h. State Governments, 268. 

i. Separation, 272. 

:j. The Declaration, 274, 275, 276. 

k. U. S. Government, 277. 

5. Overt Acts: — 

a. Lexington, 249. 
h. Concord, 250. 

c. The March to Boston, 251. 

d . The Influence of these, 252. 

6. Noted Men: — 

a. Jas. Otis, 218, 235. 

h. Patrick Henry, 224, 244. 

c. John Dickinson, 227, 235. 

d. Christopher Gadsden, 227, 244. 

e. Samuel Adams, 235, 244. 
/. John Hancock, 235. 

g. Geo. Washington, 236, 244, 252. 

h. R. H. Lee, 244. 

i. John Adams, 244. 

j. John Jay, 244. 

XI. War for Independence. 

Locative Points (for explanation, see 
page 5): 1, Lexington; 2, New York; 3, 
Charleston; 4, Yorktown; 5, Naval. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 19 

'1. Lexington: Events grouping around 

this point: — 

a. Lexington, 249. 

h. Concord, 250. 

c. Green Mountain Boys and Ticon- 
deroga, 255. 

(1. Crown Point, 255. 

e. The Continental Army and Offi- 
cers, 256, 257. 

/. Bunker Hill, 258, 259, 260, 261. 

\j. Boston, 262, 264. 

h. Invasion of Canada, 265, 266. 

i. Montreal and Quebec, 267. 
2. New York : Events grouping around 

this point: — 

a. Long Island, 280. 

h. New York:— 

1. Surrender, 281. 

2. Execution of Hale, 282. 

3. Retreat, 283, 284. 

c. Newport, 286. 

d. Recovery of New Jersey, 287. 

e. Brandy wine, 291. 
/. Germantown, 292. 
g. Valley Forge, 293. 

h. Philadelphia abandoned, 296. 
i. Monmouth, 297. 
j. Stony Point, 301. 



20 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

k: Siege of Newport, 299. 
I. Burgoyne's Invasion, 303. 

1. In Mohawk Valley, 304. 

2. Bennington, 305. 

3. Saratoga, 306, 307. 

4. Effect of his Defeat, 308. 
m. Wyoming Valley, 312. 

n. Seneeas, 313, 314. 

3. Charleston: Events grouping around 

this point: — 

(I. Charleston, 271. 

h. Cherokees, 311. 

c. Savannah, 321, 322. 

(L Fall of Charleston, 323. 

e. Patriot exiles, 325. 

/. Camden, 326, 327. 

g. Cornwallis' Keign of Terror, 328, 

329. 
h. King's Mountain, 330. 
i. Cowpens, 332, 333. 
j. Guilford Courthouse, 333. 
k. Eutaw Springs, 334. 

4. Yorktoivn : Events grouping around 

this point: — 

a. Richmond, 335. 

h. Yorktown, 337, 338, 339. 

5. Naval: 

Privateers, 269, 270, 316, 317. 

6. Treaty of Paris, 340. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 21 

XII. Other Events During the War. 

1. Uniform and Flag, 263. 

2. Paine's '' Common Sense," 272. 

3. Charles Lee, 285, 298. 

4. Foreign Patriots, 289. 

5. Plot against Washington, 294. 

6. French Alliance, 295. 

7. Arnold's Treason, 319, 320. 

8. Continental Money, 342. 

9. Paper Money, 343. 

XIII. Development of the Kational Govern- 
ment. 

1. Articles of Confederation, 347. 

2. Points of Weakness: — 

a. Land Claims, 348. 
h. Western Claims, 349. 

c. Northwest Territory, 350. 

d. Regulation of Commerce, 351. 

e. Forced Collections, 355. 

3. A New Government, 352. 

4. The Constitutional Convention: — 

a. The Meeting, 354, 356. 

h. Difficulties, 357, 358. 

c. Constitution completed, 359. 

(/. Constitution before the People, 

360. 
e. Constitution Adopted, 361. 



22 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

CONSTITUTIONAL PERIOD. 
XIV. The Presidents. 

Under this lieading secure short biograph- 
ical notes, written and oral, and by what 
party each was elected. 

1. Washington, 1789-1797; 191, 361, 362, 

375, 395, 408. 

2. John Adams, 1797-1801; 273, 295, 361, 

396, 400, 401, 410, 469. 

3. Jefferson, 1801-1809; 275, 389, 400, 

407, 409, 411, 412, 427, 469. 

4. Madison, 1809-1817; 352, 426, 428. 

5. Monroe, 1817-1825; 453, 454, 455. 

6. J. Q. Adams, 1825-1829; 466, 467, 468, 

509. 

7. Jackson, 1829-1837; 466, 477, 478, 479. 

8. Van Buren, 1837-1841; 483, 489, 499, 

500. 

9. W. H. Harrison, 1841, 1 mo.; 430, 

441, 444, 511,512, 513. 

10. Tyler, 1841-1845; 511, 514, 515. 

11. Polk, 1845-1849; 519, 526, 527. 

12. Taylor, 1849-1850; 529,540, 542, 543. 

13. Fillmore, 1850-1853; 540, 546. 

14. Pierce, 1853-1857; 553, 555, 556. 

15. Buchanan, 1857-1861; 568, 570, 571. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 23 

16. Lincoln, 1861-1865; 576, 582, 587, 588, 

589, 657, 658, 659. 

17. Johnson, 1865-1869; 657, 660, 661. 

18. Grant, 1869-1877; 614, 630, 637, 644, 

654, 674, 675, 676, 701, 702, 720. 

19. Hayes, 1877-1881; 692, 693, 695, 696. 

20. Garfield, 1881, 7 mos.; 701, 704, 705, 

706. 

21. Arthur, 1881-1885; 701, 707, 708. 

22. Cleveland, 1885-1889; 719, 720, 721. 

23. Benj. Harrison, 1889. 

XV. Politics. 

1. Federalists, 360. 

2. Republicans, 388, 389. 

3. Geographical Parties, 395. 

4. Election in 1796, 396. 

5. Federalist Measures, 405. 

6. Republican Opposition, 406. 

7. Resolutions of '98, 407. 

8. Election in 1800, 409. 

9. Federalist Opposition, 424, 425. 

10. Election in 1808, 426. 

11. ''War Men," 433. 

12. Federalist Opposition, 438. 

13. The Hartford Convention, 451. 

14. Election in 1816, 453. 

15. Federalist Party, 454. 



24 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

16. Missouri Compromise, 460. 

17. Election in 1824, 466. 

18. New Parties, 475. 

19. State Sovereignty, 476. 

20. Election in 1828, 477. 

21. Kotation in Office, 480. 

22. Election in 1832, 481, 483. 

23. Whigs, 487. 

24. Webster-Hayne Debate, 488. 

25. Election in 1836, 489. 

26. Election in 1840, 511. 

27. Tyler and the Whigs, 514. 

28. Election in 1844, 519, 520, 521. 

29. Mexican War, 533. 

30. AVilmot Proviso, 534. 

31. Election in 1848, 540. 

32. Free-Soil Party, 541. 

33. Election in 1852, 553, 554. 

34. Republican Party, 561. 

35. Kansas, 562. 

36. Election in 1856, 568, 569. 

37. Lincoln-Douglas Debate, 576. 

38. Election in 1860, 580, 581, 582. 

39. Election in 1864, 657. 

40. Election in 1868, 674. 

41. Election in 1872, 685. 

42. Election in 1876, 692. 

43. The Electoral Commission, 693. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 25 

44. Election in 1880, 701, 703. 

45. Election in 1884, 719. 

46. Election in 1888, . 

XVI. Executive Departments. 

1. Organization, 367. 

2. The Several Officers (trace up to pres- 
ent time). 

XVII. The Courts. 

1. Supreme Court, 368. 

2. Subordinate Courts, 368. 

3. Chief Justices, 369 and other sources. 

XVIII. The Territory. 

(Use a map.) 

1. Northwest Territory, 350. 

2. Western Claims, 349. 

3. Organization, 370. 

4. Louisiana, 417. 

5. Florida, 456. 

6. Oregon Boundary, 518, 519, 528. 

7. Texas, 522, 529. 

8. New Mexico and California, 537, 538. 

9. Utah, 547. 

10. Kansas and Nebraska, 558. 

11. Gadsden Purchase, 547. 

12. Alaska, 673. 



26 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

XIX. New States. 

1. Vermont and Kentucky, 378. 

2. Slavery, the controlling principle, 459 — 

Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, 
Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama. 

3. Maine and Missouri, 460. 

4. Texas, 522. 

5. Arkansas, Michigan, Florida, Iowa, 

Wisconsin, 523. 

6. California, 548. 

7. Kansas, Minnesota, Oregon, 577. 

8. West Virginia and Nevada, 656. 

9. Nebraska, 668. 

10. Colorado, 688. 

11. Washington, Montana, North and South 

Dakota, . 

12. Idaho and Wyoming, . 

XX. Army and Navy. 

1. Navy Department, 404. 

2. Military Academy, 437. 

3. Naval Academy, 496. 

4. G. A. K.,722. 

XXI. Indians. 

1. Government Policy, 380. 
2.War in the Northwest, 381. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 27 

3. Outbreak, 430. 

4. Tecumseh, 444. 

5. The Creeks, 448. 

6. ♦The Seminoles, 456. 

7. BlackHawk War, 498. 

8. Modocs and Sioux, 690. 

9. Apaches, 724. 
10. Sioux in Dakota. 

XXII. Finance. 

1. U. S. Bank:— 

a. Hamilton's Scheme, 385. 
6. History of the Bank, 482. 

c. Jackson's Opposition, 481. 

d. Effort to re-establish, 506. 

2. Speculation, 501. 

3. State Banks, 502. 

4. Panic, 503, 504. 

5. Sub-Treasury, 505, 506. 

6. Greenbacks, 655. 

7. National Banks, 656. 

8. Financial Troubles, 691. 

9. Coinage, 697. 

10. Money Standards, 698. 

11. Resumption of Specie Payments, 699. 

XXIII. Revenue. 
1. Duties, 364. 



28 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

2. Tariff:— 

a. Revenue, 365. 

h. Protective, 366, 471. 

c. Sectional Opposition, 472. 

d. '^ American System," 474. • 

e. Compromise, 486. 
/. War Duties, 655. 

g. The Morrill Tariff, 713. 

h. Tariff Commission and Reform, 
714. 

i. The Mills Bill, . 

j. The McKinley Tariff, . 



k. An Unsettled Question, 723. 

3. Taxes: — 

a. On Liquors, 382. 
h. Resisted, 383. 
c. War, 655. 

4. From Postal Service, . 

5. From Public Lands, . 

6. From Internal Revenue, . 

XXIV. Debts. 

1. National, 372. 

2. Assumption of State, 373. 

3. Funded, 384. 

4. Treasury Notes, 505. 

5. State, 507. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 29 

6. Kesulting from the War, 654, 655. 

7. Refunding, 700. 

XXV. Internal Improvements. 

1. Cumberland Road, 462. 

2. Erie Canal, 463. 

3. ''American System," 474. 

4. Transcontinental Railways, 681. 

XXVI. Slavery. 

1. In the Colonies, 135, 164. 

2. In the States, 379. 

3. Sectional, 457. 

4. Conflicting Interests, 458. 

5. In Territories, 459. 

6. Compromise, 460. 

7. Calhoun's Idea, 485. 

8. Abolitionists, 492. 

9. Riots, 508. 

10. Anti-Slavery Petitions, 509. 

11. Contest of '40, 511. 

12. Contest of '44, 521. 

13. Texas, 522. 

14. Equal Representation in the Senate, 

523. 

15. Wilmot Proviso, 534. 

16. Free-Soil Party, 541. 



30 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

17. Fugitive Slave Law, 547, 548, 549. 

18. New Leaders, 550. 

19. Campaign of ^52, 553. 

20. Free-Soilers, 554. 

21. Douglas' Keport, 557. 

22. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 558. 

23. Repeal of Missouri Compromise, 559. 

24. Anti-Nebraska Men, 561. 

25. Struggle for Kansas, 562, 563, 564. 

26. Drecl Scott Case, 573, 574. 

27. The Lecompton Bill, 575. 

28. Lincoln-Douglas Debate, 576. 

29. John Brown's Raid, 578, 579. 

30. Political Platforms, 580, 581. 

31. Secession, 582, 583. 

32. Lincoln's Views, 588. 

33. Emancipation, 628. 

34. The 13th Amendment, 663. 

XXVII. Foreign Affairs. 

1. Genet's Mission, 390. 

2. France, 402, 403, 404. 

3. Berlin Decree, 421. 

4. Embargo, 422, 423, 424, 425. 

5. Non-Intercourse, 426. 

6. England and France, 431. 



II 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 31 

7. War with Great Britain, 436. 

(Note. Details will be studied under 
the topic, Wars.) 

8. Opposition to the War, 438. 

9. Liberia, 4G1. 

10. Monroe Doctrine, 464. 

11. Congress at Panama, 470. 

12. Texas, 517. 

13. Oregon, 518. 

14. War with Mexico, 530. 

(Note. Details will be studied under 
the Topic, Wars.) 

15. The Ostend Circular, 565. 

16. Koszta, 566. 

17. Japan, 566. 

18. Complications during the war of Seces- 

sion, 593. 

19. Mason and Slidell, 595. 

20. Affairs in Mexico, 672. 

21. The Fishery Question, 678. 

22. Geneva Award, 679. 

23. Cuba and San Domingo, 680. 

24. Chinese Immigration, 712. 

XXVIII. Treaties. 

1. Of Paris, 340. 

2. Jay's, 391. 

3. Of Ghent, 450. 



32 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

4. Webster-Ashburton, 516. 

5. Oregon Boundary, 528. 

6. Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 538. 

7. Of Washington, 677. 

8. With China, 712. 

XXIX. Domestic Affairs. 

1. Location of National Capital, 374. 

2. Change of Customs, 413. 

3. Lewis and Clark's Expedition, 418. 

4. Nullification, 484, 485. 

5. Mormons, 510, 711. 

6. Dorr's Rebellion, 525. 

7. Patroons, 525. 

8. California, 544. 

9. Maine Law, 552. 

10. The Confederacy, 585, 586. 

11. Reconstruction, 660, 662, 663, 564, 665, 

666. 

12. Negro Suffrage, 667, 683. 

13. Tenure-of-Office Act, 670. 

14. Impeachment of President, 671. 

15. Fires in Chicago and Boston, 682. 

16. K. K. K., 684. 

17. Credit Mobilier, 687. 

18. The Whisky Ring, 687. . 

19. Centennial Anniversary, 688. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 33 

20. Grant's Tour, 702. 

21. New Orleans International Exposition, 

709. 

22. Yorktown Centennial, 710. 

23. Civil Service Reform, 715. 

24. Signal Service, 717. 

25. Arctic Exploration, 718. 

26. Strikes and Riots, 725. 

27. Knights of Labor, 726. 

28. Washington Monument, 728. 

29. Centennial of Washington's Inaugu- 

ration, . 

XXX. Wars. 

1. With Tripoli:— 

a. Cause, 419. 

h. Result, 419, 420. 

2. With Cxreat Britain:— 

a. Cause, 431, 432, 433. 
h. Result, 350, 452. 
c. Locative Points: — 
A. The Lakes. 

1. On to Canada, 439. 

2. Detroit, 440. 

3. Queenstown, 440. 

4. Fort Meiggs, 441. 

5. Fort George, 441. 

6. Lake Erie, 442, 443. 

2a 



34 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

7. Thames, 444. 

8. Chippewa Creek, 445. 

9. Lundy's Lane, 445. 
10. Lake Champlain, 445. 

B. Washington: — 

1 . Depredations on the Coast, 446. 

2. Washington, Baltimore and 

Fort McHenry, 447. 

C. New Orleans: — 

1. The Creeks, 448. 

2. New Orleans, 448. 

D. Naval:— 

Combats on the Ocean, page 230. 
3. War with Mexico: — 

a. Cause, 530, 531. 

h. Kesult, 538. 

c. Locative Points: — 

A. Mat A moras: — 

1. Fort Brown, Palo Alto, 

Resaca de la Palma, Mata- 
moras, Monterey, 532, 

2. Buena Vista, 535. 

B. Vera Cruz: — 

1. Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, 535. 

2. Contreras, Cherubusco, Cha- 

pultepec, Mexico, 536. 

C. Monterey, California: — 

1. Monterey, Los Angeles, 537. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 35 



4. 



2. 


The " Bear Flag," 768. 


The War of Secession: — 


a. C 


ause, 582, 583, 584, 587. 


h. Result, 653. 


c. Locative Points: — 


A. R 


ichmond: — 


1. 


Bull Run, 597. 


2. 


Ball's Bluff, 599. 


3. 


Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, 601. 


4. 


Seven Days' Battle, 603. 


5. 


Cedar Mountain, 604. 


6. 


Lee's First Invasion, 605. 


7. 


Fredericksburg, 607. 


8. 


Chancellorsville, 608. 


9. 


Lee's Second Invasion, 609. 


10. 


Gettysburg, 610. 


11. 


Merrimac and Monitor, 622, 




623, 624. 


12. 


The Wilderness, 646. 


13. 


Cold Harbor, 647. 


14. 


Winchester, 648. 


15. 


Petersburg, 649. 


16. 


Richmond, 651. 


17. 


Appomattox, 652. 


B. Vicksburg: — 


1. 


Wilson's Creek, 611. 


2. 


Pea Ridge, 618. 


3. 


New Orleans, 626, 627. 



36 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

4. Vicksburg, 629, 630, 631. 

5. Port Hudson, 632. 

C. Chattanooga: — 

1. Mill Spring, 613. 

2. Forts Henry and Donelson, 

614. 

3. Shiloh, 615. 

4. Corinth, 616. 

5. Invasion of Kentucky, 619. 

6. Murfreesboro, 620. 

7. Morgan's Raid, 633. 

8. Chicamauga, 634, 635. 

9. Lookout Mountain and Mis- 

sionary Ridge, 637. 

10. Atlanta, 641. 

11. Sherman's March, 642. 

12. Nashville, 643. 

D. Charleston: — 

1. Fort Sumter, 590. 

2. Hatteras Inlet and Port Royal, 

621. 

3. Fort Pulaski, 625. 

4. Goldsboro, 650. 

E. Cruisers: — 

1. Alabama, 594. 

2. Sumter, . 

3. Florida, . 

4. Georgia, . 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 37 



5. 


Shenandoah, . 


e. Expenses, 654. 


<:/. Noted Officers: — 


1. 


Grant (see Topic XIV, 18.) 


2. 


Sherman. 


3. 


Sheridan. 


4. 


McClellan. 


5. 


Burnside. 


6. 


Meade. 


7. 


Hooker. 


8. 


Hancock. 


9. 


Lee. 


10. 


Jackson. 


11. 


Beauregard. 


12. 


A. S. Johnston. 


13. 


Hood. 


14. 


D. H. Hill. 


15. 


Jos. E. Johnston. 



XXXI. Noted Men. 

The Presidents have already been given 
under Topic XIV. 

1. Franklin, 158, 198, 244, 273, 275, 278, 

357, 377. 

2. Jay, 360, 369, 391. 

3. La Fayette, 465. 

4. Hamilton, 353. 



38 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 



5. 


Whitney, 399. 


6. 


Burr, 409. 


7. 


Fulton, 415, 446. 


8. 


Clay, 434, 466, 521. 


9. 


Calhoun, 435, 485. 


10. 


Webster, 465, 473, 488, 516. 


11. 


Irving, 497. 


12. 


Garrison, 508. 


13. 


Jos. Smith, 510. 


14. 


Benton, 560. 


15. 


Fremont, 568. 


16. 


Douglas, 557, 575, 576, 580, 582, 


17. 


John Brown, 578. 


18. 


Ericsson, 623. 


19. 


Greeley, 686. 


20. 


Mann, 739. 


21. 


Edison: — 



XXXII. National Development. 

1. Prosperity, 376. 

2. Business, 392. 

3. Western Development, 393. 

4. Census, 394. 

5. Incentives to Growth, 397. 

6. Southern Growth, 398. 

7. Immigration, 490. 

8. Social Reforms, 491. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 39 

9. Railways, 494. 
10. World's Fair, 566. 

XXXIII. Inventions. 

1. Cotton-gin, 398. 

2. Steamboat, 414. 

3. ■ Screw-propeller, 493. 

4. Agricultural Implements, 566. 

5. Electricity, 727. 

6. Telegraph, 524. 

7. Telephone, . 

XXXIV. Educational Development. 

1. Colleges, 397, 496. 

2. Public Schools, 291, 374, 495. 

3. Authors, 497. 

4. Education: — 

a. National, . 

1. West Point, 730. 

2. Naval Academy, 730. 

3. District of Columbia, 730. 

4. Land Grants, 731. 

5. Bureau of Education, 732. 
h. State:— 

1. Appropriations, 733. 

2. Revenue, 735. 



40 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

3. University, 736. 

4. Normal Schools, 737. 

5. Institutes and Conventions, 



5. 





740. 




6. Higher Schools, 741 


c. 


Leaders, 738, 739. 


d. 


Special Training, 742, 


Science: — 


a. 


Geology, 743. 


h. 


Natural History, 743. 


c. 


Physics, 744. 


d. 


Astronomy, 745. 


e. 


Observatories, 745. 



CALIFORNIA. 
XXXV. Settlement'and Exploration. 

1. Province of Spain, 747. 

2. Early Explorations, 31, 36, 747. 

3. By the Franciscans, 748. 

4. First Settlement, 749, 750. 

5. San Francisco Bay, 751. 

6. Missions: — 

a. What they are, 752. 

b. Padres, 752. 

c. Number, 752, 753. 

d. Property, 752. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 41 

7. Presidio; Pueblo, 754. 
Two Oldest, 754. 

8. Government, 755. 

XXXVI. Under Mexican Rule. 

1. The Change, 758. 

2. Government, 759. 

3. Secularization of Missions, 760. 

4. Population, 761. 

5. Business, 761. 

6. Americans, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766. 

XXXVII. American Conquest. 

1. Effect of War with Mexico, 767. 

2. The ^' Bear Flag," 768. 

3. Sloat's Movements, 769. 

4. Stockton's Proclamation, 770. 

5. Battles, 771. 

6. Kearney and Stockton, 772. 

7. Political and Social Condition, 773. 

8. Military Governors, 774. 

XXXVIII. Politics. 

1. Constitutional Convention, 775. 

2. Questions at Issue, 776. 

3. Admission as a State, 548. 



42 TOPICS FOR STUDY. 

4. State Factions, 786. 

5. Electoral Vote, 788. 

6. Governors, page 388. 

7. The War Period, 789. 

8. Working-men's Party, 792. 

9. The New Constitution, 793. 

XXXIX. Mining. 

1. Discovery of Gold, 544, 777, 77 

2. Progress, 780. 

3. New Mines, 790. 

4. The " Big Bonanza," 791. 

XL. Industrial Interests. 

1. Agriculture, 795. 

2. Manufacture, 796. 

3. Railways, 794. 

4. Chinese, 792. 

XLI. Land Interests. 

1. Mexican Titles, 784. 

2. U. S. Commission, 784. 

3. Squatters, 785. 



TOPICS FOR STUDY. 43 

XLII. Law and Order. 

1. In Early Days, 773. 

2. In the Mines, 779. 

3. In San Francisco, 781. 

4. Vigilance Committees, 782, 783. 

5. Labor Agitation, 792. 

XLIII. Education. 

1. Public Schools, 797. 

2. Normal Schools, 799. 

3. State University, 800. 

4. Leland Stanford, Jr., University, 801. 



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